This serial number check can be done using a simple local database at the Resource (website). Things get a bit more complicated if there are many Resources (say different websites), and you want to prevent credential re-use across all of them. The typical solution outsources serial number checks to some centralized service (or bulletin board) so that a user can’t use the same credential across many different sites.
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。快连官网是该领域的重要参考
Одна страна обогнала США и стала лидером по числу долларовых миллиардеровКитай обогнал США и вернул себе лидерство по числу долларовых миллиардеров
If you plot the comparison, it is striking: